In 2025, the world’s cleanest countries are not just global leaders in environmental health—they are also innovators in climate policy, renewable energy, and sustainable development. These nations have earned top rankings through rigorous assessment by the Environmental Performance Index (EPI) and the Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI), which together provide the most authoritative and data-driven evaluations of national environmental performance.

The EPI, developed by Yale and Columbia Universities, uses 58 indicators across 11 categories—ranging from air and water quality to biodiversity and climate policy—to rank 180 countries on how well they meet sustainability targets. The CCPI, meanwhile, evaluates 63 countries and the EU, covering over 90% of global greenhouse gas emissions, and assesses performance in GHG emissions, renewable energy, energy use, and climate policy.

These indices are vital tools for policymakers, businesses, and communities, offering a granular view of each country’s strengths and weaknesses, helping to set targets, track trends, and identify best practices for a sustainable future. High-ranking countries benefit from advanced regulatory frameworks, greener infrastructure, and new market opportunities for sustainable technologies. Here’s a closer look at what sets each of the top 10 apart in 2025:

1. Estonia (EPI Score: 75.3)

Estonia leads the world in cleanliness and sustainability, thanks to its extensive forest cover, effective use of bioenergy, and a strong focus on natural resource management. The country has set ambitious climate goals, including a 70% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2050.

Estonia achieved an 11.3% emissions reduction in late 2024, outpacing the rest of the EU, even as its economy grew. The capital, Tallinn, has become a beacon of urban sustainability, winning the ITB Earth Award 2025 for its zero-waste Song and Dance Celebration, which drastically cut single-use plastics and promoted circular economy practices.

Estonia’s environmental policies have also led to Europe’s cleanest air and ongoing investments in wind, solar, and energy storage. However, the country faces challenges in fully phasing out fossil fuels and balancing biomass production with forest conservation.

2. Luxembourg (EPI Score: 75.0)

Luxembourg stands out as a small nation with outsized environmental achievements, earning an EPI score of 75.0 in 2024 and a 4.1-point rise over the past decade. The country leads the world in water management, boasting a near-perfect score of 90.6 in Water Resources and an astounding 99.8 in Sanitation & Drinking Water. Over 55% of Luxembourg’s land is protected, contributing to a top-tier biodiversity score of 84.8.

The nation’s capital has pioneered green investments, while advanced wastewater treatment and strict EU-aligned standards keep pollution low. While Luxembourg excels in ecosystem vitality and heavy metal pollution control, it continues to work on reducing per capita greenhouse gas emissions and curbing tree cover loss.

3. Germany (EPI Score: 74.6)

Germany ranks third globally with an EPI score of 74.6 in 2024, marking a 4.4-point improvement over ten years. The country treats 100% of its urban wastewater, achieving a high 89.1 in Water Resources, and protects a significant share of its land and seas, reflected in its 82.4 Biodiversity & Habitat score.

Germany’s robust environmental policies are complemented by massive investments in green infrastructure and renewable energy. The nation’s cities are recognized for clean air, efficient public transport, and progressive urban planning. Germany’s approach demonstrates that sustainability can go hand in hand with industrial progress, though ongoing industrial emissions remain a challenge.

4. Finland (EPI Score: 73.7)

Finland secures the fourth spot with a 2024 EPI score of 73.7, though this reflects a slight decrease from its 2014 score. The country is a global leader in public health, scoring a perfect 100.0 in both Sanitation & Drinking Water and Heavy Metals. Finland’s well-managed forests, protected natural areas, and clean air contribute to its strong ecosystem vitality.

The nation’s deep cultural connection to nature is evident in its policies, which seamlessly integrate sustainability into daily life. Finland’s challenge lies in maintaining its high standards amid growing urbanization and climate pressures.

5. United Kingdom (EPI Score: 72.7)

The United Kingdom earns an EPI score of 72.7 in 2024, up by 2.1 points over the past decade. The UK has made significant progress in reducing carbon emissions, largely through aggressive wind energy deployment and expanded recycling programs. Urban green spaces and biodiversity conservation have improved city livability and environmental health.

The UK continues to update its climate policies to meet international targets, but faces ongoing challenges with air quality in some metropolitan areas and the need for further emissions reductions.

6. Sweden (EPI Score: 70.5)

Sweden ranks sixth with a 2024 EPI score of 70.5, showing a modest 1.6-point increase over ten years. The country’s energy mix is dominated by hydropower and wind, and it is a pioneer in negative emissions technologies.

Sweden’s cities are models of sustainable urban development, and the nation’s commitment to clean air, water, and biodiversity is unwavering. However, Sweden faces pressure to further reduce emissions from transportation and industry to meet its ambitious climate goals.

7. Norway (EPI Score: 70.0)

Norway holds the seventh position with a 2024 EPI score of 70.0, up 3.6 points over the last decade. The country boasts nearly universal access to clean drinking water and sanitation, and its electricity is almost entirely supplied by hydropower.

Norway’s proactive climate policies and investments in electric mobility and carbon capture have resulted in some of the world’s lowest per capita emissions. The country’s challenge is balancing oil and gas exports with its climate commitments.

8. Austria (EPI Score: 69.0)

Austria scores 69.0 on the 2024 EPI, reflecting a slight decrease of 0.3 points over ten years. The country excels in maintaining clean cities and countryside through strict agricultural and chemical regulations. Austria’s public transport system and urban planning support eco-living, while strong environmental laws ensure high water quality and effective waste management.

Austria’s challenge is to address areas of stagnation and reinvigorate progress on climate adaptation and emissions reduction.

9. Switzerland (EPI Score: 68.0)

Switzerland earns a 2024 EPI score of 68.0, up 1.8 points over the last decade. The country is renowned for its pristine landscapes, robust waste management, and advanced water treatment systems.

Switzerland’s environmental protection laws and public engagement in sustainability initiatives help maintain high living standards and ecological health. However, Switzerland must continue to innovate in renewable energy and reduce its ecological footprint to stay ahead.

10. Denmark (EPI Score: 67.9)

Denmark rounds out the top ten with an EPI score of 67.9 in 2024, a 1.7-point increase over ten years. The nation is a global leader in wind energy and urban planning that prioritizes cycling and green spaces. Denmark’s comprehensive recycling policies and low pollution levels make it a model for clean living. 

The country’s ongoing challenge is to further cut emissions from agriculture and transportation while maintaining economic growth.

How Are These Rankings Determined?

Environmental Performance Index (EPI):

• Uses 58 indicators across 11 categories, including air quality, water and sanitation, biodiversity, habitat protection, and climate policy.
• Weights environmental health (40%) and ecosystem vitality (60%) to reflect both immediate human well-being and long-term sustainability.
• Draws data from the WHO, UN, and other global agencies, providing a scorecard for each country and highlighting leaders and laggards.

Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI):

• Assesses four main categories: GHG emissions (40%), renewable energy (20%), energy use (20%), and climate policy (20%).
• Uses 14 indicators, combining quantitative data (from IEA, FAO, UNFCCC) and qualitative expert assessments of national and international climate policy.
• Covers 63 countries and the EU, representing over 90% of global GHG emissions.

These indices are not just academic—they guide policy, inform investment, and help countries benchmark progress toward sustainability goals. High-ranking countries typically have strong regulatory frameworks, transparent governance, and engaged civil societies, making them attractive for sustainable business and investment.

Why Does This Matter?

• Policy Guidance: Countries use EPI and CCPI data to set targets, track trends, and refine environmental policies.
• Business and Investment: High scores signal a favorable environment for green investment and sustainable business operations.
• Public Health: Clean air, water, and effective waste management directly improve quality of life and reduce healthcare costs.
• Global Leadership: These nations serve as models for others striving to balance economic growth with environmental stewardship.

Summary point

As environmental challenges grow increasingly urgent worldwide, the achievements of these top 10 cleanest countries in 2025 offer both inspiration and a practical roadmap for sustainable development. Their success demonstrates that with visionary leadership, innovative technologies, and committed public participation, it is possible to safeguard natural resources, improve public health, and foster economic growth simultaneously.

By learning from their policies and practices, other nations can accelerate their own journeys toward a cleaner, greener, and more resilient future—ensuring a healthier planet for generations to come

Riyadh Air is ramping up preparations to finally launch its long-awaited Boeing 787 flights, following an extended period on the sidelines. As the calendar moves past the midpoint of 2025, the new Saudi Arabian carrier remains optimistic that it will take to the skies before the year concludes.

If current plans hold, Riyadh Air aims to inaugurate service to two European cities by the end of 2025. This marks the start of a broader expansion strategy, with more global destinations expected to be added as additional 787s and other aircraft join the fleet.

The journey to launch has been anything but smooth for Riyadh Air. Securing an Air Operator Certificate (AOC) from the General Authority of Civil Aviation in April 2025 was a major milestone, following a rigorous six-month testing campaign. However, the celebration was short-lived: just days after receiving the AOC, the airline announced another postponement, pushing the anticipated first flight to the fourth quarter of 2025.

This latest delay scrapped earlier plans for a Q3 debut. In fact, Riyadh Air’s inaugural flight was originally expected much sooner, but a series of setbacks have kept the airline grounded.

A significant factor behind the repeated delays has been Boeing’s well-publicized delivery challenges. Riyadh Air, like many other airlines worldwide, has struggled to receive new aircraft on schedule. These industry-wide setbacks have forced airlines to reconsider fleet plans, delay retirements of older jets, and, in Riyadh Air’s case, postpone the launch of scheduled passenger operations.

Despite the hurdles, Riyadh Air remains committed to its vision of becoming a major player in international aviation. With regulatory approval secured and preparations underway, the airline is poised to make its long-anticipated debut—pending timely aircraft deliveries and the resolution of industry supply chain issues.
As the end of 2025 approaches, all eyes are on Riyadh Air to see if it can finally turn plans into reality and begin connecting Saudi Arabia to the world.

Air Arabia Abu Dhabi is set to launch a new direct flight service connecting Zayed International Airport and Sialkot International Airport in Pakistan, starting July 17, 2025. This exciting development will see the airline operate three weekly flights, enhancing connectivity between the UAE capital and one of Pakistan’s key industrial hubs.

The new route will operate on Mondays, Thursdays, and Saturdays, with flight 3L 311 departing Abu Dhabi at 1:35 a.m. and arriving in Sialkot at 6:00 a.m. The return flight, 3L 312, will leave Sialkot at 6:50 a.m., landing in Abu Dhabi at 9:20 a.m. This schedule is designed to cater to the growing demand from business travelers and the large expatriate community linking the two regions.

Sialkot, located in the northeast of Punjab province near the Kashmir hills and Chenab River, is renowned as a vital industrial and export center in Pakistan. The new service will expand Air Arabia Abu Dhabi’s footprint in Pakistan beyond its existing routes to Faisalabad and Multan, providing passengers with more options for direct and affordable travel.

Air Arabia Abu Dhabi operates a modern fleet of 12 Airbus A320 aircraft, known for their efficiency and passenger comfort. The airline offers value-added services such as free in-flight streaming through ‘SkyTime’ and affordable onboard catering with ‘SkyCafe.’ Additionally, travelers can benefit from the ‘Air Rewards’ loyalty program, allowing them to earn and redeem points.

Tickets for the new Abu Dhabi–Sialkot flights are now available for booking via Air Arabia’s website, call center, and authorized travel agencies, marking a significant boost in air connectivity between the UAE and Pakistan’s thriving industrial regions.

Qatar Airways has officially resumed direct flights between Doha and Malta, with four non-stop services each week starting July 2, 2025, further strengthening its extensive global network and enhancing international connectivity.

The flights operate on Mondays, Wednesdays, Fridays, and Saturdays, departing Doha at either 08:45 or 14:05 and arriving in Malta later the same day or the following morning, depending on the schedule. Return flights from Malta to Doha are similarly structured, with departures at 10:15 or 17:05 and an average flight time of just over five hours.

This route re-establishes Malta as the 50th European destination in Qatar Airways’ network for the northern summer of 2025, providing travelers from Asia-Pacific markets—including China, India, Japan, and the Philippines—greater access to the Mediterranean. The service is expected to boost tourism to Malta’s capital Valletta, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, as well as the islands of Gozo and Comino.

Travelers from Malta will benefit from seamless connections to Qatar Airways’ network of over 170 destinations worldwide, including 42 weekly flights to Australia. The airline’s proposed partnership with Virgin Australia, pending regulatory approval, is set to further expand connectivity options for passengers.

Qatar Airways Group CEO, Engr. Badr Mohammed Al-Meer, emphasized the importance of the Malta route in reinforcing economic ties and supporting tourism, highlighting Malta’s appeal with its rich history, cultural sites, and sun-soaked coastline. Malta International Airport and the Malta Tourism Authority have both welcomed the airline’s return, citing the positive impact on regional connectivity and tourism potential.

Qatar Airways remains the only Middle Eastern carrier offering non-stop flights between Doha and Malta, utilizing Airbus A320 aircraft with both Economy and Business Class options. Bookings for the new service are now open.

Emirates, the world’s largest international airline, has officially commenced its daily passenger service to Shenzhen, China, marking a significant milestone in the airline’s strategic expansion across East Asia. The inaugural flight, EK328, touched down at Shenzhen Bao’an International Airport on July 1, 2025, where it was welcomed with a traditional water cannon salute and a special ceremony attended by local dignitaries, Emirates executives, and media representatives.

A New Gateway for Emirates in Mainland China

Shenzhen becomes Emirates’ fourth gateway in mainland China, joining Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou. The new route is operated by the airline’s newly retrofitted Boeing 777-300ER, which features Emirates’ latest four-class configuration: eight private suites in First Class, 40 new-generation lie-flat seats in Business Class, 24 seats in Premium Economy, and 260 seats in Economy Class.

Shenzhen is the first city in mainland China to receive Emirates’ upgraded aircraft with the Premium Economy product, reflecting the airline’s commitment to offering a superior travel experience for both business and leisure travelers.

Flight Schedule and Connectivity

Flight EK328 departs Dubai International Airport (DXB) daily at 10:05 am, arriving in Shenzhen (SZX) at 10:00 pm local time. The return flight, EK329, leaves Shenzhen at 11:55 pm, arriving back in Dubai at 3:40 am the next day.

These timings are designed to optimize connections to and from Emirates’ extensive global network, including key cities in Europe, Africa, and the Middle East.

Boosting Trade, Tourism, and Cargo

The launch of the Dubai-Shenzhen route is expected to significantly enhance trade, tourism, and business ties between the UAE and southern China. Shenzhen, often dubbed the “Silicon Valley of China,” is a major technology, innovation, and manufacturing hub within the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, home to over 86 million people and a GDP exceeding US$1.9 trillion.

Each Emirates flight to Shenzhen offers up to 16 tonnes of cargo capacity in the bellyhold, supporting the city’s thriving export-oriented industries, including electronics, e-commerce, and high-tech manufacturing. This will facilitate the movement of goods between China and over 140 destinations across Emirates’ network, reinforcing Shenzhen’s role in global supply chains.

Strategic Importance and Bilateral Relations

Adnan Kazim, Deputy President and Chief Commercial Officer of Emirates, highlighted the significance of the new service: “The launch of our Shenzhen route is a testament to Emirates’ long-term commitment to China and to supporting the country’s trade and tourism ambitions. This new link will not only provide travelers with more choice and convenience but will also strengthen the economic and cultural ties between the UAE and China.”

The expansion comes at a time of deepening bilateral relations between China and the UAE, with both countries seeking to enhance cooperation under initiatives such as the Belt and Road. Emirates has been serving China since 2004 and now operates 42 weekly flights to four major Chinese cities, offering travelers and businesses unprecedented connectivity.

Qatar Airways and Philippine Airlines have launched daily nonstop flights between Manila and Doha as part of a new strategic partnership, with the inaugural codeshare flight celebrated at Hamad International Airport on June 30, 2025. The collaboration officially began on June 16, 2025, with Philippine Airlines operating the service using its long-range Airbus A330-300 aircraft, offering 18 flat-bed seats in Business Class and 341 seats in Economy Class.

Flights depart Manila at 18:50, arriving in Doha at 23:40, while the return leg leaves Doha at 01:30, reaching Manila at 16:15, enabling smooth connections to Qatar Airways’ global network of over 170 destinations across Africa, the Americas, Central Asia, Europe, and the Middle East via Hamad International Airport, which was named the Middle East’s Best Airport by Skytrax in 2025.

The partnership also enhances connectivity for travelers from key markets such as Brazil, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States, offering greater flexibility and seamless travel options.

The launch event was attended by senior executives from both airlines, including Philippine Airlines President Richard Nuttall and Qatar Airways Chief Commercial Officer Thierry Antinori, who highlighted the partnership’s role in strengthening economic, tourism, and cultural ties between the Philippines and Qatar, as well as providing improved travel options for overseas Filipino workers and their families.

Both airlines plan to explore further collaboration, including expanded codeshare destinations and frequent flyer cooperation, aiming to maximize fleet efficiency and enhance passenger convenience through integrated schedules and check-ins.

Qatar Airways already serves four cities in the Philippines—Manila, Cebu, Clark, and Davao—while Philippine Airlines connects to 31 domestic and 38 international destinations, making this partnership a significant step in boosting access and connectivity for travelers in both regions.