In 2025, the world’s cleanest countries are not just global leaders in environmental health—they are also innovators in climate policy, renewable energy, and sustainable development. These nations have earned top rankings through rigorous assessment by the Environmental Performance Index (EPI) and the Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI), which together provide the most authoritative and data-driven evaluations of national environmental performance.

The EPI, developed by Yale and Columbia Universities, uses 58 indicators across 11 categories—ranging from air and water quality to biodiversity and climate policy—to rank 180 countries on how well they meet sustainability targets. The CCPI, meanwhile, evaluates 63 countries and the EU, covering over 90% of global greenhouse gas emissions, and assesses performance in GHG emissions, renewable energy, energy use, and climate policy.

These indices are vital tools for policymakers, businesses, and communities, offering a granular view of each country’s strengths and weaknesses, helping to set targets, track trends, and identify best practices for a sustainable future. High-ranking countries benefit from advanced regulatory frameworks, greener infrastructure, and new market opportunities for sustainable technologies. Here’s a closer look at what sets each of the top 10 apart in 2025:

1. Estonia (EPI Score: 75.3)

Estonia leads the world in cleanliness and sustainability, thanks to its extensive forest cover, effective use of bioenergy, and a strong focus on natural resource management. The country has set ambitious climate goals, including a 70% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2050.

Estonia achieved an 11.3% emissions reduction in late 2024, outpacing the rest of the EU, even as its economy grew. The capital, Tallinn, has become a beacon of urban sustainability, winning the ITB Earth Award 2025 for its zero-waste Song and Dance Celebration, which drastically cut single-use plastics and promoted circular economy practices.

Estonia’s environmental policies have also led to Europe’s cleanest air and ongoing investments in wind, solar, and energy storage. However, the country faces challenges in fully phasing out fossil fuels and balancing biomass production with forest conservation.

2. Luxembourg (EPI Score: 75.0)

Luxembourg stands out as a small nation with outsized environmental achievements, earning an EPI score of 75.0 in 2024 and a 4.1-point rise over the past decade. The country leads the world in water management, boasting a near-perfect score of 90.6 in Water Resources and an astounding 99.8 in Sanitation & Drinking Water. Over 55% of Luxembourg’s land is protected, contributing to a top-tier biodiversity score of 84.8.

The nation’s capital has pioneered green investments, while advanced wastewater treatment and strict EU-aligned standards keep pollution low. While Luxembourg excels in ecosystem vitality and heavy metal pollution control, it continues to work on reducing per capita greenhouse gas emissions and curbing tree cover loss.

3. Germany (EPI Score: 74.6)

Germany ranks third globally with an EPI score of 74.6 in 2024, marking a 4.4-point improvement over ten years. The country treats 100% of its urban wastewater, achieving a high 89.1 in Water Resources, and protects a significant share of its land and seas, reflected in its 82.4 Biodiversity & Habitat score.

Germany’s robust environmental policies are complemented by massive investments in green infrastructure and renewable energy. The nation’s cities are recognized for clean air, efficient public transport, and progressive urban planning. Germany’s approach demonstrates that sustainability can go hand in hand with industrial progress, though ongoing industrial emissions remain a challenge.

4. Finland (EPI Score: 73.7)

Finland secures the fourth spot with a 2024 EPI score of 73.7, though this reflects a slight decrease from its 2014 score. The country is a global leader in public health, scoring a perfect 100.0 in both Sanitation & Drinking Water and Heavy Metals. Finland’s well-managed forests, protected natural areas, and clean air contribute to its strong ecosystem vitality.

The nation’s deep cultural connection to nature is evident in its policies, which seamlessly integrate sustainability into daily life. Finland’s challenge lies in maintaining its high standards amid growing urbanization and climate pressures.

5. United Kingdom (EPI Score: 72.7)

The United Kingdom earns an EPI score of 72.7 in 2024, up by 2.1 points over the past decade. The UK has made significant progress in reducing carbon emissions, largely through aggressive wind energy deployment and expanded recycling programs. Urban green spaces and biodiversity conservation have improved city livability and environmental health.

The UK continues to update its climate policies to meet international targets, but faces ongoing challenges with air quality in some metropolitan areas and the need for further emissions reductions.

6. Sweden (EPI Score: 70.5)

Sweden ranks sixth with a 2024 EPI score of 70.5, showing a modest 1.6-point increase over ten years. The country’s energy mix is dominated by hydropower and wind, and it is a pioneer in negative emissions technologies.

Sweden’s cities are models of sustainable urban development, and the nation’s commitment to clean air, water, and biodiversity is unwavering. However, Sweden faces pressure to further reduce emissions from transportation and industry to meet its ambitious climate goals.

7. Norway (EPI Score: 70.0)

Norway holds the seventh position with a 2024 EPI score of 70.0, up 3.6 points over the last decade. The country boasts nearly universal access to clean drinking water and sanitation, and its electricity is almost entirely supplied by hydropower.

Norway’s proactive climate policies and investments in electric mobility and carbon capture have resulted in some of the world’s lowest per capita emissions. The country’s challenge is balancing oil and gas exports with its climate commitments.

8. Austria (EPI Score: 69.0)

Austria scores 69.0 on the 2024 EPI, reflecting a slight decrease of 0.3 points over ten years. The country excels in maintaining clean cities and countryside through strict agricultural and chemical regulations. Austria’s public transport system and urban planning support eco-living, while strong environmental laws ensure high water quality and effective waste management.

Austria’s challenge is to address areas of stagnation and reinvigorate progress on climate adaptation and emissions reduction.

9. Switzerland (EPI Score: 68.0)

Switzerland earns a 2024 EPI score of 68.0, up 1.8 points over the last decade. The country is renowned for its pristine landscapes, robust waste management, and advanced water treatment systems.

Switzerland’s environmental protection laws and public engagement in sustainability initiatives help maintain high living standards and ecological health. However, Switzerland must continue to innovate in renewable energy and reduce its ecological footprint to stay ahead.

10. Denmark (EPI Score: 67.9)

Denmark rounds out the top ten with an EPI score of 67.9 in 2024, a 1.7-point increase over ten years. The nation is a global leader in wind energy and urban planning that prioritizes cycling and green spaces. Denmark’s comprehensive recycling policies and low pollution levels make it a model for clean living. 

The country’s ongoing challenge is to further cut emissions from agriculture and transportation while maintaining economic growth.

How Are These Rankings Determined?

Environmental Performance Index (EPI):

• Uses 58 indicators across 11 categories, including air quality, water and sanitation, biodiversity, habitat protection, and climate policy.
• Weights environmental health (40%) and ecosystem vitality (60%) to reflect both immediate human well-being and long-term sustainability.
• Draws data from the WHO, UN, and other global agencies, providing a scorecard for each country and highlighting leaders and laggards.

Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI):

• Assesses four main categories: GHG emissions (40%), renewable energy (20%), energy use (20%), and climate policy (20%).
• Uses 14 indicators, combining quantitative data (from IEA, FAO, UNFCCC) and qualitative expert assessments of national and international climate policy.
• Covers 63 countries and the EU, representing over 90% of global GHG emissions.

These indices are not just academic—they guide policy, inform investment, and help countries benchmark progress toward sustainability goals. High-ranking countries typically have strong regulatory frameworks, transparent governance, and engaged civil societies, making them attractive for sustainable business and investment.

Why Does This Matter?

• Policy Guidance: Countries use EPI and CCPI data to set targets, track trends, and refine environmental policies.
• Business and Investment: High scores signal a favorable environment for green investment and sustainable business operations.
• Public Health: Clean air, water, and effective waste management directly improve quality of life and reduce healthcare costs.
• Global Leadership: These nations serve as models for others striving to balance economic growth with environmental stewardship.

Summary point

As environmental challenges grow increasingly urgent worldwide, the achievements of these top 10 cleanest countries in 2025 offer both inspiration and a practical roadmap for sustainable development. Their success demonstrates that with visionary leadership, innovative technologies, and committed public participation, it is possible to safeguard natural resources, improve public health, and foster economic growth simultaneously.

By learning from their policies and practices, other nations can accelerate their own journeys toward a cleaner, greener, and more resilient future—ensuring a healthier planet for generations to come

Customs officials at Indira Gandhi International (IGI) Airport intercepted an Indian passenger arriving from Sharjah on July 3, 2025, and seized gold worth over ₹1.34 crore. The passenger was stopped based on profiling by the Air Intelligence Unit at Terminal 3, leading to a thorough search of his baggage and person.

During the search, officers discovered two plastic pouches containing a yellow-coloured paste. Upon further examination, three gold bars weighing a total of 1,484.5 grams were extracted from the paste, valued at ₹1,34,87,395. The gold was cleverly concealed in paste form, a growing smuggling technique where gold is melted and mixed with other substances to avoid detection by scanners and physical inspection.

A case has been registered against the passenger under the Customs Act, 1962. Following interrogation, customs officials identified and intercepted another individual believed to be the intended receiver of the smuggled gold. The investigation is ongoing, and authorities have not disclosed the identities of those involved.

Smugglers often use innovative methods to transport gold, including hiding it in clothing linings, food items, electronic devices, and even aircraft structures. Multiple carriers are frequently employed to minimize risk. Most gold smuggling into India originates from the Middle East and Southeast Asia, with major airports like Delhi, Mumbai, and Chennai being common entry points.

Customs officials rely on advanced screening technologies, behavioral profiling, and random checks to combat these sophisticated smuggling attempts. Despite stricter regulations and increased enforcement, gold smuggling remains a significant challenge due to high import duties and price disparities.

This recent seizure highlights the ongoing vigilance of customs authorities in protecting the country’s economic interests and curbing illegal trade. The case also emphasizes the need for continuous adaptation of detection methods to keep pace with evolving smuggling tactics.

Emirates officially inaugurated its first dedicated travel store in Japan on July 8, 2025, marking a significant milestone in the airline’s expansion within the Kansai region. The new store, located in Osaka’s bustling commercial district, is designed to bring Emirates’ world-renowned hospitality and personalized service closer to customers, enhancing their travel planning experience.

The opening ceremony was graced by Nabil Sultan, Executive Vice President – Passenger Sales and Country Management at Emirates, alongside Mr. Hirofumi Yoshimura, Governor of Osaka Prefecture, and H.E. Shihab Alfaheem, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United Arab Emirates to Japan. Emirates’ senior management, distinguished guests, and media representatives also attended the event, underscoring the importance of this new venture.

Spanning 110 square meters, the Emirates Travel Store offers a comprehensive, customer-centric environment where travelers can receive expert assistance from a multilingual team. The staff is equipped to support both Japanese and international customers with flight bookings, travel-related information, and bespoke itinerary planning. This personalized service aims to address the diverse needs of travelers, from leisure tourists to business professionals.

The store’s interior has been thoughtfully designed to reflect modern luxury and comfort. Soft beige lounge chairs and sleek contemporary furnishings create a warm and relaxed atmosphere, encouraging customers to take their time while planning their journeys. To enhance convenience, the store features a self-service kiosk and an innovative personalized Queue Management system, streamlining customer flow and reducing wait times. Additionally, a selfie mirror with unique backgrounds showcasing popular Emirates destinations adds an interactive and engaging element to the customer experience.

During the opening remarks, Mr. Nabil Sultan emphasized the strategic importance of the Japanese market for Emirates. He stated, “Japan is a vital market for Emirates, and today’s opening reflects our commitment to building even deeper connections with our valued customers and partners here in the Kansai region by bringing our products and services even closer to them. The opening of our first retail store in Osaka is a reflection of our customer-first philosophy and we’re confident that this space will enable us to engage in more meaningful ways with the Japanese community.”

Emirates continues to strengthen its presence in Japan with daily flights to Osaka Kansai, Tokyo Narita, and Tokyo Haneda airports. The airline’s fleet serving Japan has been retrofitted with enhanced products, including upgraded seating, improved in-flight entertainment systems, and premium dining options, ensuring a superior travel experience for passengers.

The Emirates Osaka Travel Store is open Monday through Friday from 11:00 AM to 1:00 PM and 2:00 PM to 7:00 PM, with a break between 1:00 PM and 2:00 PM. The store remains closed on weekends and public holidays to maintain optimal service quality during operational hours.

This new retail space not only serves as a booking and information center but also acts as a cultural bridge, promoting greater understanding and exchange between Japan and the UAE. Through this initiative, Emirates aims to foster stronger community ties and encourage more travelers from the Kansai region to explore the world with the airline’s extensive global network.

With this innovative travel store, Emirates is setting a new standard for customer engagement in Japan, combining state-of-the-art technology, personalized service, and elegant design to create a unique and memorable travel planning experience.

Etihad Airways is set to transform the Abu Dhabi–Kolkata route by introducing its cutting-edge Airbus A321LR aircraft starting September 26, 2025. This marks a significant milestone as Etihad brings its renowned wide-body luxury experience to a single-aisle aircraft for the first time on this busy medium-haul corridor, enhancing comfort and premium service across all cabins.

The A321LR is designed to deliver wide-body comfort with fuel-efficient technology, making it ideal for regional routes with increasing demand for premium travel. It features two exclusive First Class suites, 14 lie-flat Business Class seats, and a spacious Economy cabin accommodating 144 passengers, all equipped with next-generation amenities.

In First Class, passengers will enjoy fully enclosed suites with sliding doors, offering complete privacy, a fully lie-flat bed, and a companion seat for shared dining. Each suite is equipped with a large 20-inch 4K touchscreen entertainment system with Bluetooth audio pairing and Qi wireless charging. The suite also includes a cocktail table with wireless charging and custom headrest covers, creating a personalized luxury environment akin to Etihad’s flagship wide-body aircraft.

Business Class features 14 lie-flat seats arranged in a 1-1 herringbone layout, providing direct aisle access and window-facing orientation for enhanced privacy. These 78-inch beds come with 17.3-inch 4K entertainment screens, wireless charging, Bluetooth headphone pairing, and ample storage. The design balances passenger comfort with operational efficiency, as the seats do not have sliding doors to keep the aircraft’s range optimal in high-temperature environments.

The Economy cabin offers some of the widest seats in the industry for a narrow-body aircraft, measuring 18.4 inches in width with up to a five-inch recline and ergonomic support. Each of the 144 seats features a 13.3-inch 4K touchscreen, USB-A and USB-C charging ports, and access to Etihad’s state-of-the-art entertainment system. Thirty-six seats provide extra legroom, enhancing comfort on this medium-haul route.

Connectivity is a standout feature across all cabins. The A321LR is equipped with Viasat’s advanced multi-orbit satellite system, delivering high-speed Wi-Fi with speeds up to 1 Gbps, enabling seamless streaming, browsing, gaming, and live TV from gate to gate where permitted. Complimentary messaging is included for all passengers, with full connectivity available for premium customers.

This aircraft will serve not only the Abu Dhabi–Kolkata route but also other destinations including Chennai, Algiers, Athens, Bangkok, Copenhagen, Milan, Paris, Riyadh, Zurich, Tunis, and various Southeast Asian cities, expanding Etihad’s regional network with enhanced comfort and connectivity.

Etihad is also enhancing the end-to-end First Class experience with premium services such as 24/7 personal travel planning through Etihad Concierge, private chauffeur transfers, dedicated check-in counters, exclusive lounge access, porter services, personal escorts on arrival, and soon, home check-in and “Land & Leave” services in Abu Dhabi. First Class passengers at Zayed International Airport may even be chauffeured directly to the aircraft door in a private limousine.

This upgrade aligns with Etihad’s “Journey 2030” vision, aiming to double its fleet size, triple passenger numbers, and open 16 new destinations in 2025 alone. The introduction of the A321LR symbolizes a transformational moment for the airline, blending luxury, efficiency, and connectivity on short and medium-haul flights, and reinforcing its strategic commitment to the Indian market and beyond.

Passengers traveling between the UAE and India can expect a seamless, luxurious journey with the latest in comfort, entertainment, and connectivity, making Etihad a highly competitive choice for premium regional travel.

Dubai’s skies welcome a new era of luxury and innovation as Emirates officially launches its next-generation Airbus A350 service to Dammam, marking the Saudi city as the airline’s first destination in the Kingdom to receive this cutting-edge aircraft. This milestone underscores Emirates’ deepening commitment to Saudi Arabia and its ongoing investment in enhancing regional connectivity and passenger experience.

The daily A350 flight EK827 departs Dubai at 7:30 am, arriving in Dammam at 7:50 am, with the return flight EK828 leaving Dammam at 9:20 am and touching down in Dubai at 11:45 am (all local times). This schedule offers convenient morning travel for business and leisure passengers alike.

Designed to elevate comfort on short and medium-haul routes, the Emirates A350 boasts a sophisticated three-class cabin layout with a total of 312 seats:

• 32 lie-flat Business Class seats arranged in a spacious 1-2-1 configuration
• 21 Premium Economy seats in a 2-3-2 layout
• 259 Economy Class seats in a 3-3-3 layout

Every passenger can indulge in Emirates’ signature in-flight innovations, including the award-winning ice entertainment system with thousands of channels, enhanced seat ergonomics, advanced ambient lighting, quieter cabins, and high-speed Wi-Fi connectivity throughout the aircraft.

Emirates’ presence in Saudi Arabia spans over 30 years, currently serving Riyadh, Jeddah, Medina, and now Dammam with multiple daily flights operated by a modern mix of A380s, Boeing 777s, and the new A350s. The introduction of the A350 to Dammam not only enriches the travel experience but also strengthens seamless connectivity via Dubai to more than 140 global destinations within Emirates’ extensive network.

Dammam joins a growing roster of cities benefiting from Emirates’ A350 service, including Mumbai, Edinburgh, Bahrain, Colombo, Kuwait, Muscat, Tunis, Amman, and Ahmedabad. To date, Emirates has inducted eight A350 aircraft into its fleet, with plans to extend this service to 17 destinations by the end of 2025. The A350’s advanced fuel efficiency and environmental performance align with Emirates’ future-focused fleet strategy, promising a sustainable and elevated journey for travelers across all cabin classes.

This launch reflects Emirates’ vision of delivering world-class travel experiences while reinforcing its strategic ties with Saudi Arabia and the broader Gulf region, heralding a new chapter in aviation excellence and regional integration.

In a landmark move to protect air travelers, Spain’s Ministry of Consumer Affairs has slapped a hefty €179 million fine on five major low-cost European airlines for imposing unfair fees on services traditionally included in ticket prices. The penalties target Ryanair, Vueling, EasyJet, Norwegian, and Volotea, accusing them of abusive commercial practices such as charging for carry-on luggage, seat selection, and printing boarding passes services once considered standard.

The largest burden falls on Ryanair, fined approximately €107 million, reflecting its dominant role in the Spanish market. Vueling, the Barcelona-based carrier under IAG, faces a €39 million penalty, while EasyJet was fined €29 million. Smaller fines were imposed on Volotea (€1.9 million) and Norwegian (€1.6 million), marking one of the EU’s most forceful crackdowns on ancillary airline fees to date.

Spanish authorities argue these fees violate EU consumer protection laws by creating misleading fare structures and unfairly burdening travelers especially families, those less comfortable with digital check-in, and passengers with dependents. The ministry highlighted the discriminatory practice of separating families unless extra fees are paid for adjacent seating.

This enforcement aligns with broader EU efforts to regulate airline fees. The European Parliament is advancing legislation to standardize carry-on baggage allowances as part of the base fare, aiming to eliminate hidden charges by late 2025 or early 2026. Consumer groups like the European Consumer Organisation (BEUC) have backed these moves, filing complaints against airlines for opaque pricing practices.

However, the airline industry is resisting. Spain’s airline association (ALA) criticized the fines as “nonsense” and warned that banning such fees could raise base ticket prices and undermine the low-cost model. Ryanair and Vueling plan to challenge the rulings in court, while legal proceedings have already temporarily suspended fines for some carriers.

For travelers, these developments promise greater transparency and fewer surprise fees at airports. The Spanish ministry insists that charges for services like carry-on bags, seat assignments, and boarding passes must be clearly disclosed and justified, reinforcing the principle that basic travel amenities should not come with hidden costs.

Spain’s decisive action sends a strong message across Europe: airlines must respect consumer rights and ensure fair, honest pricing in an industry long criticized for fragmented fees and confusing fare structures.